Friday, July 31, 2009
Hotel Management in India
Hotel Management in India
Do you like working in exotic locations? Do you enjoy cooking and housekeeping activities? If so, Hotel Management career could be right for you. Career opportunities in the hotel industry which includes motels, resorts, and five star hotels are increasing rapidly. You will be involved with operations like accommodation, food, drink and other hotel services with the thrust on customer comfort and satisfaction.EligibilityHotel management demands a friendly, helpful, outgoing personality, and a team player. The eligibility to enter a course in hotel management is 10+2. Institutes coming under the National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology (NCHMCT) which is under the Ministry of Tourism offer a 3-year diploma course while private institutes offer a 4-year Bachelor's program.Selection ProcedureThe selection procedure in most of these institutes comprises of a test consisting of English, Reasoning, General Science and General Knowledge, followed by a group discussion and interview.
Institutes and TrainingThe best institutes are the IHMs affiliated to the National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology. The hotel management courses run by hotel chains like Oberoi, Taj, and Radisson are also very popular among aspirants.
Star hotels require trained staff for all these departments:
· Front Office
· Food and beverage (F&B)
· Housekeeping
· Sales and Marketing
· Recreation
· Computer Applications
· Financial management
· Engineering
· Security
· Fire fighting
· Public relations
Career in Banking
Banks are involved in variety of functions ranging from safeguarding money and
valuables to providing loans and investment options. The changing banking scenario marks a shift towards Internet banking, just in time services and increased customer satisfaction. Banking offers a well paid, challenging and satisfying career.
Types of BanksBanks in India are segregated as public sector banks (accounting for 78% of total banking assets) and private sector and foreign banks.
EligibilityBanking was perceived as a career option for commerce and economics students. In reality, a majority of bank officers are from different streams of education. A course in finance, accounting, economics, marketing, or related fields serve as a good foundation. Banks often provide opportunities and encourage employees to take classes offered by banking and financial management affiliated organizations or other educational institutions. For example, The Indian Institute of Banking and Finance conducts diploma in banking and finance.
Entrance ExamsGraduates from any subject can get entry in banks through competitive exams. In general, there are two stages of the examination that an aspirant needs to clear:-
Stage I: The Written Test consisting of Objective test and a Descriptive test. The Objective test generally consists of the following papers:
· Test of Reasoning
· Quantitative Aptitude
· General Awareness
· English Language
Stage II: The Interview Round
Some banks just conduct the Interview Round for aspirants with specialization in Management, FOREX, or Finance. The Recruitment to Reserve Bank Officers Grade A/B exam is conducted by Reserve Bank of India Service Board, Mumbai.
The best way to get information on the banking jobs is to refer to the bank’s Website, newspapers including Employment News Bulletin and Times Ascent.
Preparing for Banking ExamsThere is intense competition so a high level of preparation is required in order to clear banking exams. You should read financial newspapers and various competition magazines.
To clear basics one should go through standard class 10 books (RD Sharma and RS Agarwal for Math and Reasoning). For the descriptive paper, refer to model papers published in various portals and Competition Magazines. There are a number of books and correspondence courses available for bank preparatory examinations. Above all, it requires regular studies, hard work and practice.Career in Banking
Preparing for Civil Services
The Civil Services Exam is conducted by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) across India. Preparation for the most coveted service requires a focused mind, dedication, and hard work.EligibilityYou should be a graduate in any discipline from a recognized university.ExaminationThe Civil Services Examination consists of two successive stages:
· Preliminary Examination – It consists of two papers (General Studies and one of the optional subjects to be selected from the prescribed optional subjects list) of objective type carrying a maximum of 450 marks.
· Main Exam (Written subjective & Interview) – It consists of the following exams carrying a maximum of 2300 marks.
Paper I: One of the Indian Languages
Paper II: English
Paper III: Essay
Paper IV and V: General Studies
Paper VI-IX: Any two subjects (each having 2 papers) to be selected from the prescribed optional subjects
Interview
The marks obtained in the Main Examination (Written and Interview) determine the final ranking. The candidates are then allotted to various services on the basis of their ranks and the preferences expressed by them.The Question Papers are set in English and Hindi. You must begin preparations of the main exam along with preliminary exam. You can even enroll in institutes like Rau's IAS Circle, Vajiram and Ravi. This is because there is little time for the Main exam if you wait for the results of the Preliminaries.To begin with you should consult NCERT books and go through previous year papers. A candidate is permitted 4 attempts at the examination. If you appear in the Preliminary Exam or even appears in one paper, it is counted as an attempt.
Need of Statistics in Education
The chief concern of the teacher is with the general ability of the class, and the special abilities of the individuals, as well as the inter-relationship of these abilities. The teacher is sometimes interested in comparing one group of facts with another. Thus a teacher is called upon to deal with the masses of quantitative data collected from the scores in standardized tests and ordinary examinations and from other school records. All these data need organization, condensation and analysis; otherwise, they would yield nothing specific. It is thus clear that mental test is of little significance to the teacher unless it employs mathematical devices. Statistical methods are “especially adapted to the elucidation of quantitative data affected by a multiplicity of causes”. Statistics gives us a technique to obtain, condense, analyze and relate numerical data. Statistical methods are of a supreme value in education and psychology.
The Importance of the Emotional Life of the Child
The importance of the emotional life of the child in his education has been duly recognized by certain groups of modern educators. Its evidence comes from four principal sources. Firstly, we find it from the Progressive Schools. They attach due importance to the emotional life of children and are against giving any kind of harmful school punishment of the older type. These schools produce pupils whose adjustment and happiness are distinctly marked. Secondly, we find it from schools which through arts, handicrafts, drama, music etc. give full scope to pupils for free emotional expressions. Consequently, the pupils acquire emotional, mental and motor control with corresponding social poise. Thirdly, we find it from schools where the needs of the pupils are always given the first importance. The teacher-pupil relationship is based on understanding of these needs. Everywhere in the school, there is a natural sympathetic attitude towards capabilities and difficulties. Fourthly, in the fields of backwardness, juvenile delinquency and maladjustment, several valuable investigations have been made. These investigations acquaint us with the deep and potent influence which negative emotional states exert- as evidenced in progress, cure and readjustment. studies of children and adolescents and various kinds of researches in this connection betray the intimate relation between intellectual, physical and emotional aspects of life. Today we are aware that much of the illness, scholastic failure, unhappiness and difficult behavior in children is the direct outcome of emotional frustration. The teacher cannot foresee all this unless he has a deep psychological understanding.
According to psychological findings, emotional calm is a necessary condition for the proper functioning of intellectual power whether in children or in adults. The sense of success and achievement creates balanced personalities. It is in the favorable emotional incentives of interest and success that we can concentrate and apply our powers to the best advantage. Even the dullest child may be immensely benefited by encouragement, praise, individual help and sympathetic consideration of difficulties. Failure, fear, frustration, harsh criticism, sarcasm, punishment, and unhealthy competition will never create the sense of independence and self-control in children which we must endeavor to promote. Hence, all the teachers must be trained in the principles of mental hygiene of child and adult. Free psychiatric advice and treatment should be available for all the teachers both in training and actual practice. Hence the knowledge of psychology is very necessary for a teacher.
Why Psychoanalysis is Indispensable to the Teacher
The success of educational efforts much depends upon the personal relationship between the teacher and the pupil. This point should not be neglected either by the practical teacher or the education theorist. The teacher is prone to the influence of parental complexities, because for the pupil, he is the psychological situation of the father or mother. The teacher is in a position of authority which may provide a favorable opportunity for the gratification of such powerful impulses as self-esteem, self love, pleasure in inflicting pain. These impulses work in such a disguised form that consciousness cannot easily recognize their true nature. The pupils, too, can resort to narcissism and exhibitionism if the teacher is not able to handle them in a psychological manner. All this requires that the teacher must be able to understand his own psyche so that he may take due precautions against his special tendencies and complexes. He should also be able to get into contact with the pupil’s psychic life. The teacher can be tolerably free of complexes. if he has at least achieved a fairly satisfactory fulfillment of his own conscious and unconscious desires. If the teacher possesses some complex, he may use a situation for his own personal gratification, thus foiling the very purpose of his work. If the teacher has not properly understood the relation between emotional and intellectual processes, he is sure to stultify and neutralize educational results. Thus a knowledge of psychoanalysis is indispensable to the teacher. Naturalism in education is closely connected with psychoanalysis. “The teaching of Freud was a Godsend to the post-war apostles of naturalism, both in educational sphere and outside of it; it was believed to have proved the soundness of their case for untrammeled self-expression and for entire freedom from restraint.” Psychoanalysis emphasizes that the natural growth of the child should not be explored in any way and that the natural growth of the child should not be explored in any way and that the unconscious should be explored in order to understand the cause of neuroses so that suitable steps may be taken. It is because of psychoanalysis that a healthy attitude has grown towards ’sex’ and ‘authority’. Corporal punishment and authoritarian methods are now shunned. Dangers of undue prudery have now been laid bare with the evil consequences of ‘any bottling’ up of the child’s energies. Psychoanalysis has rendered valuable service in helping us towards the understanding and treatment of delinquency in childhood and adolescence.
Culture and Education
Whatever we learn through education is immensely influenced by culture. Barlett says that social traditions influence ways of thinking, remembering, imagining and doing creative things. Whatever is considered as the most important aspect of culture, and accepting of which is likely to increase one’s prestige is learnt by an individual and he tries to forget other commonplace items. Thus culture not only goads him to learn certain things, but it also inspires him to retain certain things in the mind and forget others.
The educational system of a place is of a very ordinary standard, if its culture is not well developed, because then in the learning process very ordinary interactions are possible. In such a system formal education is very inadequate, because the purpose of education becomes generally limited to learning of very ordinary things pertaining to social life. In other words, the main purpose of life, then, becomes limited to protections of one’s society, carving out a living, safeguarding against evil designs of neighbors and other enemies and worshiping the accepted gods and goddesses. Formal education is not necessary for learning all these, because these things may be learnt through one’s own experiences. But when the culture becomes complex, then it is necessary to transmit the various elements of culture from one generation to another. For this, development of a specialized education is considered as a necessity. This specialized educational system is termed as ’school’.As we have seen, culture has its underlying impact on the development of one’s personality. Education is intimately related with development of personality. Therefore, the kind of education depends upon the nature
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